Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group

Interventions for shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users

Interventions for systemic sclerosis of the skin

Interventions for tophi in gout

Interventions for treating hallux valgus (abductovalgus) and bunions

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Interventions for treating slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE)

Interventions to improve adherence to exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults

Intra-articular glucocorticoids for acute gout

Intra-articular steroids and splints/rest for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

Intravenous immunoglobulin for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Intravenous zoledronate for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Isokinetic exercise for improving knee flexor and extensor muscles

Joint lavage for osteoarthritis of the knee

Ketanserin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis

Ketotifen in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Leeches (Hirudinea) for osteoarthritis

Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout

Losartan in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Low level laser therapy (Classes I, II and III) for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Low level laser therapy (Classes III) for treating osteoarthritis

Lymphocyte directed biologic therapies for primary systemic necrotizing vasculitis

Metal versus non-metal backing of the tibial component for total knee replacement for osteoarthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis.

Methotrexate for ankylosing spondylitis

Methotrexate for treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Methotrexate for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Methotrexate monotherapy and methotrexate combination therapy with traditional and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis

Methotrexate monotherapy versus methotrexate combination therapy with non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

Mind and body therapy for fibromyalgia

Minimally invasive surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis

Mixed exercise for fibromyalgia syndrome

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for total knee arthroplasty for post-operative functional status in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty

Moderate-term, low-dose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain in working age adults

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes following joint replacement at the hip and knee in chronic arthropathy

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Music therapy for hospitalised older adults

Mycophenolic acid for non-renal systemic lupus erythematosus

NSAIDs, analgesics and opioids agents for fibromyalgia syndrome

Naftidrofuryl in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Nicotinic Acid in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Nitrates in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating osteoarthritis of the knee

Non-biologic pharmaceutical interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis

Non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for shoulder pain

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute gout

Non-surgical interventions for paediatric pes planus

Occupational therapy for promotion of health and wellbeing in older adults

Occupational therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Occupational therapy interventions before and after hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis

Operative and non-operative treatment options for dislocation of the hip following total hip arthroplasty

Opioid therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis pain

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral steroids for adhesive capsulitis

Orthotic devices for the treatment of tennis elbow

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis

PDE5 Inhibitors in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

PGE1 in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Pain management for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritis) and gastrointestinal or liver comorbidity

Pain management for rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular or renal comorbidity

Paracetamol versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty

Patient education for adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Pegloticase for chronic gout

Penicillamine for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

Perioperative interventions for smoking cessation in hip and knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases

Pharmacologic interventions for primary central nervous system vasculitis

Pharmacological interventions for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Physical activity for preventing and treating osteoporosis in men

Physical therapies and exercise for elbow pain and stiffness

Physiotherapy and physiotherapeutical modalities for lateral epicondylitis

Physiotherapy for patella tendinopathy

Physiotherapy interventions for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Physiotherapy interventions for ankylosing spondylitis

Physiotherapy interventions for rotator cuff disease

Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain

Phytoestrogens in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Plasma Exchange in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Ponseti method for idiopathic congenital clubfoot in children

Post-acute physiotherapy for primary total hip arthroplasty

Post-acute physiotherapy for primary total knee arthroplasty

Post-operative therapy for metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty

Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis

Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis

Pre-operative education for hip or knee replacement

Probiotics for fibromyalgia

Processed versus fresh frozen bone for impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasty

Rehabilitation after surgery for Dupuytren's Contracture

Retention versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee replacement for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Retransfusion drains for total knee arthroplasty

Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women

Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis

Rituximab for systemic lupus erythematosus

Rofecoxib for osteoarthritis

Rofecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis

S-Adenosylmethionine for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Sedatives and hypnotic agents for fibromyalgia syndrome

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Selective estrogen receptor modulators for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for fibromyalgia syndrome

Self-management education programmes for osteoarthritis

Self-management programme for ankylosing spondylitis

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for fibromyalgia syndrome

Shock wave therapy for lateral elbow pain

Shock wave therapy for rotator cuff disease with or without calcification

Short-term low-dose corticosteroids vs placebo and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis

Splints and Orthosis for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Stanozolol in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Statins for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Steroid sparing drug treatments for giant cell arteritis

Steroid sparing drug treatments for polymyalgia rheumatica

Strengthening exercise for fibromyalgia syndrome

Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures

Strontium ranelate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis

Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis

Sulfasalazine for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Suprascapular nerve block for shoulder pain

Surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation for quadriceps strengthening pre and post total knee replacement

Surgery for Dupuytren's contractures of the fingers

Surgery for acromioclavicular osteoarthritis

Surgery for lateral elbow pain

Surgery for pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee

Surgery for rotator cuff disease

Surgery for shoulder osteoarthritis

Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis

Surgery for trigger finger

Surgical approaches in total knee arthroplasty

Surgical interventions for chronic patellar tendinopathy

Surgical interventions for the rheumatoid shoulder

Surgical management of Perthes disease

Surgical treatment for advanced stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults

Systemic corticosteroids for acute gout

TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis

TNF-alpha inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

TNF-alpha inhibitors for psoriatic arthritis

Tai chi for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Tai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Taping for knee osteoarthritis

Temporary discontinuation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing surgery

Thalidomide for ankylosing spondylitis

Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Therapeutic ultrasound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Therapeutic ultrasound for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome

Thermotherapy for fibromyalgia

Thermotherapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Thermotherapy for treatment of osteoarthritis

Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis

Topical glyceryl trinitrate for lateral elbow pain

Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease

Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis

Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis

Total joint replacement surgery for hip osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview

Total joint replacement surgery for knee osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview

Total joint replacement surgery versus conservative care for hip osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases

Total joint replacement surgery versus conservative care for knee osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases

Traction for hip osteoarthritis

Tramadol for osteoarthritis

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand

Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee

Treatment options for osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa

Tricyclic agents for fibromyalgia syndrome

Triiodothyronine Treatment in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon

Unicompartmental arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis

Uricosuric medications for chronic gout

Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy for improving bone density in children

Vitamin D with or without calcium for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Vitamin K for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women

Weight loss for overweight patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis

Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis

By subtopic:

Gout [uric acid, hyperuricemia, pseudogout] (5)

Alternative therapies (0)

Prevention (0)

Diet (0)

Education (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Education (0)

Treatment: acute (2)

Biologics (0)

Colchicine (0)

Non-drug therapies (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (0)

Steroids (2)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone for acute gout (protocol stage)

Systemic corticosteroids for acute gout

Treatment: chronic (3)

Allopurinol (1)

Allopurinol for chronic gout (protocol stage)

Benzbromarone (0)

Biologic (1)

Pegloticase for chronic gout

Diet (0)

Dietary supplements (0)

Febuxostat (1)

Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (protocol stage)

Probenecid (0)

Smoking cessation (0)

Weight loss (0)

Treatment: tophi gout (0)

Benzbromarone (0)

Probenecid (0)

Surgery (0)

Legg Perthes (1)

Surgical management (1)

Surgical management of Perthes disease (protocol stage)

Lupus Erythematosus [systemic, discoid, cutaneous, lupus nephritis] (3)

Alternative therapies (0)

Diagnostic and prognostic testing (0)

Antinuclear antibodies (0)

Biopsy material (lung, heart, gut, kidney) (0)

Complement testing (0)

Genetic markers (0)

Lymphocyte markers (0)

Non-medicinal interventions (0)

Patient counseling (0)

Patient education (0)

Psychological interventions (0)

Social support (0)

Prevention (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Exercise (0)

Patient education (0)

Therapeutic management (efficacy, effectiveness, safety) (3)

Antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine phosphate) (0)

Biologicals (BCell Toleragens) (0)

Corticosteroids (prednisone, solumedrol) (0)

Herbal (1)

Herbal medicines for systemic lupus erythematosus (protocol stage)

Hormone replacement (1)

Dehydroepiandrosterone for systemic lupus erythematosus

Immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide (1)

Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

Treatment of lupus nephritis (0)

Osteoarthritis (73)

Adherence to treatment (1)

Interventions to improve adherence to exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults

Prevention (0)

Rehabilitation (22)

Continuous Passive Motion (1)

Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis

Exercise (6)

Exercise therapy for osteoarthritis (6)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Intensity of exercise for the treatment of osteoarthritis

Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip

Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee

Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis

Home versus center based physical activity programs in older adults

Modalities (5)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation for quadriceps strengthening pre and post total knee replacement

Electromagnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritis

Isokinetic exercise for improving knee flexor and extensor muscles (protocol stage)

Traction for hip osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation (1)

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes following joint replacement at the hip and knee in chronic arthropathy

Occupational therapy (0)

Patient education (2)

Self-management education programmes for osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Pre-operative education for hip or knee replacement

Physiotherapy (2)

Taping for knee osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Post-acute physiotherapy for primary total knee arthroplasty (protocol stage)

Splints/Orthoses (3)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Taping for knee osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee

Tai Chi (2)

Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip

Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee

Treatment [Non-pharmocological interventions] (31)

Alternative therapies [i.e.acupuncture] (3)

Acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis

Herbal therapy for treating osteoarthritis

Homeopathy for osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Balneotherapy (1)

Balneotherapy for osteoarthritis

Laser therapy (2)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Low level laser therapy (Classes III) for treating osteoarthritis

Surgery (20)

Surgery for shoulder osteoarthritis

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Joint lavage for osteoarthritis of the knee

Processed versus fresh frozen bone for impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasty

Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement (protocol stage)

Arthroscopic debridement for knee osteoarthritis

Cemented versus cementless surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty revision (protocol stage)

Cemented versus cementless total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis and other non-traumatic diseases (protocol stage)

Computer assisted knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases (protocol stage)

Metal versus non-metal backing of the tibial component for total knee replacement for osteoarthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis. (protocol stage)

Minimally invasive surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Operative and non-operative treatment options for dislocation of the hip following total hip arthroplasty

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis

Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (protocol stage)

Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis

Surgical approaches in total knee arthroplasty (protocol stage)

Effects of different bearing surface materials on aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases of the hip. (protocol stage)

Retention versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee replacement for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for total knee arthroplasty for post-operative functional status in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

TENS (2)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee

Therapeutic Ultrasound (2)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Thermotherapy (heat or cold) (1)

Thermotherapy for treatment of osteoarthritis

Treatment [Pharmacological interventions] (19)

Analgesia (6)

Botulinum toxin for shoulder pain

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis

Analgesia and non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis of the hip

Chloroquines for the treatment of osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Tramadol for osteoarthritis

Antibiotics (1)

Doxycycline for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Biologics (1)

Diacerein for osteoarthritis

Dietary supplements (3)

S-Adenosylmethionine for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Hormone Replacement Therapy (1)

Hormone replacement therapy for osteoarthritis in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women (protocol stage)

Intra-articular injections (3)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (4)

Celecoxib for osteoarthritis (protocol stage)

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint

Non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating osteoarthritis of the knee

Rofecoxib for osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis [premenopausal, post-menopausal, corticosteroid induced, osteoporosis in men ] (28)

Prevention (6)

Diet (2)

Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Phytoestrogens in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Exercise (4)

Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Physical activity for preventing and treating osteoporosis in men (protocol stage)

Exercise for preventing low bone mass in young males and females (protocol stage)

Treatment [non-pharmacological] (6)

Herbal (1)

Herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (4)

Exercise (3)

Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Exercise for improving outcomes after osteoporotic vertebral fracture (protocol stage)

Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Modalities (0)

Patient education (1)

Pre-operative education for hip or knee replacement

Surgery (1)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (protocol stage)

Treatment [pharmacological agents] (16)

Alternative therapies (0)

Bisphosphonates (6)

Alendronate (1)

Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women

Bisphosphonates (2)

Bisphosphonate therapy for children and adolescents with secondary osteoporosis

Bisphosphonates for steroid induced osteoporosis

Clodronate (0)

Etidronate (1)

Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women

Ibandronate (0)

Risedronate (1)

Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women

Zolendronate (1)

Intravenous zoledronate for postmenopausal osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Calcitonin (1)

Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis

Calcitriol (0)

Calcium (2)

Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women

Calcium and Vitamin D in combination (1)

Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis

Cholecalciferol (0)

Denosumab (0)

Fluoride (1)

Fluoride for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis

Growth hormone (0)

Hormone replacement therapy (0)

Ipriflavone (0)

Pamidronate (0)

Zolendronate (0)

Parathyroid hormone (1)

Human parathyroid hormone for the treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. (protocol stage)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) (0)

Nandrolone decanoate (0)

Raloxifene (0)

Tibolone (0)

Statins (1)

Statins for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (protocol stage)

Strontium ralenate (1)

Strontium ranelate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis

Vitamin D (1)

Vitamin D with or without calcium for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (protocol stage)

Vitamin K (1)

Vitamin K for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women (protocol stage)

Paget's Disease (1)

Aminobisphosphonates versus other active treatment for Paget's disease of the bone in adults (protocol stage)

Pediatric Rheumatology [juvenile rheumatoid] (4)

Alternative therapies (0)

Pharmacological interventions (2)

Biologics (1)

TNF-alpha inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (protocol stage)

Methotrexate (1)

Methotrexate for treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Rehabilitation (2)

Exercise (1)

Exercise therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Patient education (0)

Splints/Rest (1)

Intra-articular steroids and splints/rest for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Physical activity (2)

Exercise (1)

Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients

Mental health (1)

Exercise for positive mental health outcomes in adults (protocol stage)

Reactive arthritis (2)

Treatment - Pharmacological (2)

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Antibiotics for reactive arthritis (protocol stage)

Rheumatoid Arthritis (70)

Nonpharmacologic (26)

Alternative therapies (i.e. acupuncture) (2)

Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Tai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Assistive Technology (1)

Assistive technology for rheumatoid arthritis

Diet (1)

Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis

Exercise (3)

Balance training (proprioceptive training) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Home-based exercise therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

exercise (0)

Nonpharmacologic (1)

Non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (16)

Occupational Therapy (2)

Splints and Orthosis for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Occupational therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Physical Therapy (14)

Balneotherapy (1)

Balneotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Education (1)

Patient education for adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Electrotherapy (5)

Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Electrical stimulation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand

Therapeutic ultrasound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Low level laser therapy (Classes I, II and III) for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Exercise (6)

Exercise therapy for the rheumatoid hand (protocol stage)

Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Dynamic exercise therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Comprehensive physiotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Post-operative therapy for metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty

Aquatic therapy exercise for treating rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Thermotherapy (1)

Thermotherapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Surgery (2)

Surgical interventions for the rheumatoid shoulder

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for total knee arthroplasty for post-operative functional status in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Prevention (1)

Cardiovascular complications (1)

Hypolipidemic and antihypertensive drugs for prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Diet (0)

Treatment [Pharmacological interventions] (43)

Biologics (10)

Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview

Certolizumab pegol (CDP870) for rheumatoid arthritis in adults

Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis

Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis

Biologics for rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of Cochrane reviews

Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis

Biologic interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Adalimumab for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis

Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Disease controlling antirheumatic therapy (DCARTs only) (0)

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), also slow acting antirheumatic drugs; second line agents (SAARDs) (15)

Antimicrobial (0)

Azathioprine (1)

Azathioprine for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Chloroquine (1)

Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Cyclosphosphamide (1)

Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Cyclosporine (1)

Cyclosporine for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Eythropoietin (1)

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Gold, auranofin, myochrisine, solgonal (2)

Injectable gold for rheumatoid arthritis

Auranofin versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis

Hydroxychloroquine (1)

Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Leflunomide (1)

Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Methotrexate (4)

Methotrexate for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Methotrexate monotherapy versus methotrexate combination therapy with non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Mycophenolic acid (0)

Nitrogen Mustard (0)

Penicillamine (1)

Penicillamine for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Sulfasalazine (1)

Sulfasalazine for treating rheumatoid arthritis

Intra-articular injections (0)

Non-biologics (1)

Non-biologic pharmaceutical interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Steroids (1)

Effects of glucocorticoids on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis

Symptom modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (SMARDs) (16)

Analgesics (7)

Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Pain management for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritis) and gastrointestinal or liver comorbidity

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Antidepressants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Opioid therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis pain

Pain management for rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular or renal comorbidity

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Biologics (2)

Analgesics for chronic, not acute rheumatoid arthritis (0)

AntiCD4, Anti TNF (2)

Infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Etanercept for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Bone marrow transplant (0)

Stem cell transplant (0)

Corticosteroids (2)

Moderate-term, low-dose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis

Short-term low-dose corticosteroids vs placebo and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis

Fish Oil (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (2)

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Paracetamol versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

Radiation synovectomy (0)

Yttrium90 (0)

Selective Cox 2 inhibitors (NSAIDs) (3)

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Rofecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis

Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis

Steroids (0)

Soft tissue [rheumatism, rheumatic disease, bursitis, tendonitis] (49)

Alternative therapies (0)

Acupuncture (0)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Yoga (0)

Alternative therapies (0)

Acupuncture (0)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Yoga (0)

Alternative therapies (0)

Acupuncture (0)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Yoga (0)

Alternative therapies (0)

Acupuncture (0)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Yoga (0)

Alternative therapies (2)

Acupuncture (1)

Acupuncture for treating fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (1)

Mind and body therapy for fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

Alternative therapies (0)

Acupuncture (0)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Yoga (0)

Non-pharmacologic (2)

Exercise (1)

Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures

Surgery (1)

Surgical treatment for advanced stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults (protocol stage)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Tender point injections (0)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Tender point injections (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (2)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Tender point injections (0)

Pharmacologic (5)

Analgesics (0)

Anti-depressants and centrally active agents for fibromyalgia syndrome (protocol stage)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Other (3)

Botulinum toxin for shoulder pain

Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease

Topical glyceryl trinitrate for lateral elbow pain (protocol stage)

Tender point injections (0)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Tender point injections (0)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Interventions (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Tender point injections (0)

Prevention (0)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Psychological therapy (2)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Cognitive therapy (1)

Mind and body therapy for fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (1)

Mind and body therapy for fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

Psychological therapy (1)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (1)

Mind and body therapy for fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

Deep transverse friction massage for treating tendinitis

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Rehabilitation (2)

Exercise (0)

Laser (0)

Massage (1)

Patient education (0)

Physical therapies (1)

Rehabilitation after surgery for Dupuytren's Contracture (protocol stage)

TENS/ALTENS (0)

Interferential (0)

Ultrasound (0)

Treatment of ankle pain (0)

Treatment of elbow pain (9)

Alternative therapies (1)

Acupuncture (1)

Acupuncture for lateral elbow pain

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Orthotic devices for the treatment of tennis elbow

Non-pharmacologic (5)

Orthotics (1)

Physiotherapy (2)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults

Physiotherapy and physiotherapeutical modalities for lateral epicondylitis (protocol stage)

Shock wave therapy (1)

Shock wave therapy for lateral elbow pain

Surgery (1)

Surgery for lateral elbow pain

Pharmacologic (3)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (1)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults

Opioids (0)

Tender point injections (2)

Botulinum toxin injection for tennis elbow (protocol stage)

Corticosteroid injections for tennis elbow (protocol stage)

Treatment of Fibromyalgia (5)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia syndrome (protocol stage)

Acupuncture for treating fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

NSAIDs, analgesics and opioids agents for fibromyalgia syndrome (protocol stage)

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain in working age adults

Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome

Treatment of foot pain (3)

Non-surgical interventions for paediatric pes planus

Interventions for pes planus (protocol stage)

Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain

Treatment of hand pain (2)

Non-pharmacological (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Surgery (0)

Pharmacological (2)

Corticosteroid injection for de Quervain's tenosynovitis

Corticosteroid injection for trigger finger in adults

Treatment of hip pain (1)

Interventions for lateral hip pain (tendinopathy or bursitis) (protocol stage)

Treatment of knee pain (2)

Alternative therapies (2)

Acupuncture (0)

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Rehabilitation (2)

Deep transverse friction massage for treating tendinitis

Therapeutic ultrasound for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome

Tai Chi (0)

Analgesics (0)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (0)

Opiods (0)

Tender point injections (0)

Treatment of shoulder pain (13)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Surgery (0)

Alternative therapies (1)

Acupuncture (1)

Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain

Chiropractic (0)

Herbal therapies (0)

Nutraceuticals and vitamins (0)

Tai Chi (0)

Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain

Non-pharmacologic (7)

Rehabilitation (5)

Shock wave therapy for rotator cuff disease with or without calcification (protocol stage)

Arthrographic distension for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Acupuncture for shoulder pain

Surgery (2)

Surgery for rotator cuff disease

Pharmacologic (5)

Analgesics (1)

Centrally active anti-depressants (0)

Centrally active muscle relaxants (0)

Hypnotics (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] (1)

Tender point injections (3)

Opiods (0)

Other (0)

Image-guided versus blind corticosteroid injection for shoulder pain (protocol stage)

Corticosteroid injections for shoulder pain

Treatment of wrist pain (0)

Cognitive therapy (0)

EMG biofeedback (0)

Hypnosis (0)

Relaxation therapy (0)

Spondylo-arthropathy [psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, reiters disease] (14)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (14)

Alternative therapies (0)

Analgesics (1)

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Biologics (2)

TNF (2)

TNF-alpha inhibitors for psoriatic arthritis (protocol stage)

TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis (protocol stage)

Colchicine (0)

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (5)

Auranofin (1)

Azathioprine (1)

Methotrexate for ankylosing spondylitis

Methotrexate (2)

Sulfasalazine (1)

Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis

Etretinate (0)

Fumaric Acid (2)

IMI Gold (1)

Methrotrexate (1)

Intra-articular injections (0)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (1)

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Patient education (0)

Rehabilitation (1)

Exercise (0)

Physiotherapy (1)

Physiotherapy interventions for ankylosing spondylitis

Salazopyrin (1)

Selective COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs) (1)

Combination therapy for pain management in inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis)

Steroids (0)

Systemic sclerosis [Raynauds, scleroderma] (5)

Alternative therapies (0)

Prevention (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Exercise (0)

Patient education (0)

Treatment (5)

Calcium channel blockers (1)

Calcium channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with scleroderma (protocol stage)

Cyclofenil (1)

Cyclofenil for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis

Iloprost (1)

Iloprost and cisaprost for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis

Ketanserin (1)

Ketanserin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis

Prazosin (1)

Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis

Vasculitis [Behcet's, takayasu's arteritis, purpura, schoenlein-henoch, polyarteritis, nodosa, giant cell, arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis] (10)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (10)

Pharmacological interventions (10)

Acyclovir (1)

Autologous salive (1)

Alternative therapies (0)

Azaproprazone (1)

Azathioprine (1)

Benzathine penicillin (2)

Colchicine (1)

Corticosteroids (1)

Drugs (4)

Anti-cytokine therapies for primary systemic necrotizing vasculitis (protocol stage)

Interventions for ganglion cysts in adults (protocol stage)

Steroid sparing drug treatments for giant cell arteritis (protocol stage)

Steroid sparing drug treatments for polymyalgia rheumatica (protocol stage)

Prednisone (1)

Cyclosphosphamide (0)

Cyclosporine (1)

Topical alpha interpheron (1)

Rehabilitation (0)

Exercise (0)

Patient education (0)